Mandarin

It is essential for the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, chlorophyll, and other cellular components essential for vegetative vigor and plant metabolism. Citrus trees mainly absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrate and ammonium through their roots from the soil. This nutrient is initially distributed in the leaves, shoots, and young branches, promoting plant growth. As the plant flowers and fruits begin to form, nitrogen is redistributed to the reproductive parts, influencing the yield and quality of the fruit, including its size, flavor, and sugar content. However, it is crucial to manage nitrogen fertilization appropriately and sustainably, avoiding overapplication to prevent adverse effects such as excessive shoot growth and weakening of plant structure.

A nitrogen application rate of 2.5 to 3.5 kg N/ha/year per ton of fruit yield is usually considered adequate for citrus.

This essential element is a key component in molecules crucial for plant energy, such as DNA, RNA and ATP. In addition, it plays a fundamental role in fundamental metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Citrus trees mainly absorb phosphorus in the form of phosphate through their roots from the soil, and their absorption is conditioned by the acidity and temperature of the soil. An adequate distribution of phosphorus in the plant, especially in growing tissues such as roots and young shoots, is vital for the formation of strong roots, proper flowering and fruit set. Likewise, phosphorus interacts with other nutrients, such as nitrogen and potassium, optimizing their absorption. It is essential to apply phosphorus in appropriate amounts and times, especially during the plant establishment and fruit formation stage, to ensure fruits of optimal quality and size. In this process, it is important to consider the form and availability of phosphorus in the soil. A responsible and efficient application of phosphorus is crucial to maximize its benefits without causing negative impacts on the environment, always seeking a sustainable balance.

A phosphorus application rate of 0.6 to 1.0 kg P2O5/ha/year per ton of fruit yield is usually considered adequate for citrus (the higher rates should be used for sweet citrus).

It contributes vitally to the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins, regulating water balance and activating enzymes essential for citrus fruits. In addition, it strengthens the plant’s resistance to situations of water and heat stress and diseases, strengthening its immune system. Absorption occurs mainly through the roots, and its availability is influenced by the concentration in the soil and the interaction with other nutrients. Potassium is distributed in different plant tissues, from leaves and stems to roots, flowers and fruits. It is key to the quality of the fruit, affecting its flavor, sugar content and firmness, as well as to guarantee adequate size and optimal yield. Fertilization must be carried out appropriately and at the right time, especially during stages of active growth and fruit formation, taking into account the form and availability in the soil to achieve optimal absorption. Likewise, it is essential to apply potassium efficiently and sustainably, avoiding leaching and contamination of groundwater. In conclusion, careful management of potassium fertilization is essential to ensure healthy growth and high-quality fruit production in citrus, maintaining a sustainable balance with the environment.

A potassium application rate of 3.5 to 5.5 kg K2O/ha/year per ton of fruit yield is usually considered adequate for citrus (the higher rates should be used for sweet citrus).

This nutrient is vital for the synthesis of proteins, enzymes and other compounds important for the structure and metabolism of the plant. Additionally, sulfur is a key component of essential amino acids and contributes to the formation of chlorophyll, which is essential for photosynthesis. Citrus trees absorb sulfur in the form of sulfate through their roots from the soil. This absorption process is influenced by acidity and availability in the soil. An adequate distribution of sulfur in the plant is essential for its optimal growth. Sulfur also influences the quality of the fruit, especially in terms of aroma and flavor. Sulfur fertilization must be balanced and adequate to ensure healthy development and high-quality fruit production in citrus. It is essential to apply sulfur in a sustainable and responsible manner, avoiding negative impacts on the environment and ensuring an adequate balance in the nutrition of citrus fruits.

This nutrient is crucial for the formation and strength of cell walls, contributing to the structure and firmness of plant tissues. Citrus trees absorb calcium mainly in the form of calcium ion (Ca2+) through their roots from the soil. Calcium availability in the soil is influenced by factors such as soil pH and texture. An adequate distribution of calcium in the plant is essential to prevent physiological disorders such as blossom-end rot and improve disease resistance. In addition, calcium influences the quality of the fruit, especially in terms of texture and storage, contributing to a more resistant skin and a longer shelf life of the fruit. Calcium fertilization must be balanced and adequate to ensure healthy development and high-quality fruit production in citrus. It is essential to apply calcium in a sustainable and responsible manner, ensuring a proper balance to optimize plant health and citrus quality.

This nutrient is vital for the synthesis of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis, making it a fundamental component in the plant’s energy production and metabolism. Citrus trees absorb magnesium mainly in the form of magnesium ion (Mg2+) through their roots from the soil. Magnesium availability in soil is influenced by several factors, including soil pH and texture. An adequate distribution of magnesium in the plant is essential to ensure healthy vegetative growth, as well as optimal leaf formation and function. In addition, magnesium influences the quality of the fruit, contributing to its flavor and aroma. Magnesium fertilization must be balanced and adequate to ensure optimal development and high-quality fruit production in citrus. It is essential to apply magnesium in a sustainable and responsible manner, guaranteeing an adequate balance in the nutrition of citrus fruits and optimizing their growth and performance.

This nutrient is vital for the synthesis of chlorophyll, the molecule that allows plants to carry out photosynthesis and produce energy from sunlight. Citrus trees absorb iron mainly in the form of iron ions (Fe2+ and Fe3+) through their roots from the soil. The availability of iron in the soil is influenced by several factors, including pH and the amount of oxygen in the soil. An adequate distribution of iron in the plant is essential to maintain vigorous growth and adequate leaf coloration. In addition, iron influences the quality of the fruit, contributing to its flavor and aroma. Iron fertilization must be balanced and adequate to ensure optimal development and high-quality fruit production in citrus. It is essential to apply iron in a sustainable and responsible manner, ensuring an adequate balance in the nutrition of citrus fruits and optimizing their growth and yield.

This nutrient is essential for several biological processes, including protein and enzyme synthesis, chlorophyll development, and plant growth regulation. Citrus trees absorb zinc in the form of zinc ion (Zn2+) through their roots from the soil. Zinc availability in soil is influenced by various factors, including soil pH and organic content. Adequate distribution of zinc in the plant is essential to maintain healthy growth, as well as to ensure optimal quality and quantity of fruit. Additionally, zinc influences plant resistance to various diseases and abiotic stresses. Zinc fertilization must be balanced and adequate to ensure optimal development and high-quality fruit production in citrus. It is essential to apply zinc in a sustainable and responsible manner, ensuring an adequate balance in the nutrition of citrus fruits and optimizing their growth and yield.

This element is essential for photosynthesis, since it is involved in the production of oxygen and the formation of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis. Citrus trees absorb manganese mainly in the form of manganese ion (Mn2+) through their roots from the soil. The availability of manganese in soil is influenced by several factors, including soil pH and competition with other cations in the soil solution. A proper balance of manganese in the plant is crucial to maintaining optimal vegetative growth and ensuring quality fruit production. Additionally, manganese contributes to plant resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses. Manganese fertilization must be balanced and adequate to ensure healthy development and high-quality fruit production in citrus. It is essential to apply manganese in a sustainable and responsible manner, ensuring a proper balance in citrus nutrition to maximize its growth and yield.

It is normally applied in order to secure fruit set, while other nutrients are applied during periods of active foliage growth.

Each litre of Thio-Sul provides approximately 160 g of nitrogen and 346 g of sulfur, delivering a concentrated and efficient source of both nutrients. Its liquid formulation is easy to handle and integrates readily into modern crop nutrition programmes across a wide range of crops and production systems. 

By supplying nitrogen and thiosulfate sulfur together, Thio-Sul helps maintain an appropriate nitrogen-to-sulfur balance, supports protein formation and promotes more efficient use of applied nitrogen. Its sulfur becomes available progressively as thiosulfate is converted in the soil, helping support crop nutrition throughout key growth stages.

Thio-Sul can be applied through irrigation systems, banded, broadcast, injected into the soil or incorporated into compatible liquid fertiliser blends. This application flexibility makes it a practical solution for improving sulfur nutrition and complementing nitrogen fertilisation.

Each litre of KTS supplies approximately 360 g of potash and 252 g of sulfur, providing a highly concentrated source of soluble potassium and sulfur. Its nitrate-free and chloride-free formulation allows potassium to be supplied without adding unnecessary nitrogen or chloride. 

Potassium supports water regulation, enzyme activity, carbohydrate transport and the development of crop yield and quality, while sulfur contributes to protein and enzyme formation. KTS is particularly valuable during periods of rapid growth, reproductive development and crop filling, when potassium requirements can increase substantially.

KTS can be used through fertigation, in starter or side-dress programmes, in compatible liquid fertiliser blends and as a foliar treatment on selected crops. Its versatility allows potassium and sulfur to be delivered at critical stages within a wide range of crop nutrition programmes.

Each litre of CaTs supplies approximately 75 g of calcium and 125 g of sulfur, providing both nutrients in a fully soluble liquid form. CaTs combines crop nutrition with soil-management benefits and can be incorporated into a broad range of fertilisation programmes. 

Calcium contributes to cell-wall strength, root development and the structural integrity of growing plant tissues, while sulfur supports protein and enzyme formation. A consistent calcium supply is especially important during periods of rapid vegetative growth and fruit development, helping support crop quality, firmness and marketability.

CaTs can be applied through irrigation systems, banded, broadcast or blended with compatible liquid fertilisers. It may also be used as a soil amendment to provide soluble calcium, support soil aggregation and water infiltration, and help manage the effects of excess sodium in saline or sodic soils.

Its fine crystalline formulation dissolves rapidly and completely, producing a clean spray solution with minimal residue. This makes K-Leaf particularly suitable for precision spraying and for situations in which crops require a rapid supplementary supply of potassium and sulfur.

Applied directly to the foliage, K-Leaf helps prevent or correct potassium and sulfur deficiencies during critical growth stages. Potassium supports water regulation, photosynthesis, carbohydrate movement and crop quality, while sulfur contributes to protein synthesis and essential metabolic processes.

K-Leaf can supplement soil fertilisation when nutrient uptake through the roots is restricted or when crop demand temporarily exceeds soil supply. It is suitable for a wide range of broad-acre, fruit and vegetable crops and can be combined with many compatible soluble fertilisers and crop-protection products following a compatibility test.

SoluPotasse provides potassium and sulfur without nitrogen or chloride, allowing both nutrients to be managed independently within the crop nutrition programme. Its fine crystalline form dissolves rapidly and completely, making it suitable for demanding fertigation applications.

Potassium supports water-use regulation, enzyme activation, carbohydrate transport and crop quality, while sulfur contributes to protein formation and nutrient metabolism. SoluPotasse is particularly useful when crops require additional potassium but no further nitrogen, including during fruit, tuber and grain development.

SoluPotasse can be applied through fertigation and other systems designed for fully soluble fertilisers. Its low-chloride, nitrogen-free composition makes it well suited to chloride-sensitive crops, saline growing conditions and fertilisation programmes requiring precise control of nitrogen and potassium inputs.

The chloride-free, nitrogen-free formulation of GranuPotasse provides an efficient source of potassium and sulfur, making it ideal for chloride-sensitive crops and high-value production systems. The uniform, free-flowing granules ensure accurate spreading, easy handling and consistent field performance.

By supplying potassium and sulfur in readily available forms, GranuPotasse supports water regulation, enzyme activation, carbohydrate transport and protein synthesis, helping improve crop yield, quality and marketability. It is particularly beneficial for fruit, vegetable and other high-value crops where crop quality, storage life and export potential are essential.

GranuPotasse® is suitable for pre-plant, basal and in-season applications and can be broadcast, banded or incorporated into the soil. It also blends readily with many granular fertilizers, providing growers with a flexible solution for balanced potassium and sulfur nutrition across a wide range of cropping systems.